Modern Vet. Science only confirms what Vedas say about Cow care

 AV3.14 गावो गोष्ठो देवता  4.1.0 Management गो पालन विषय

AV Sukta12.4 अथर्व वेद 12-4 सूक्त -वशा गौ ,ऋषि- कश्यप:  

4.1.0.1 AV 12.4.1 अथर्व 12-4-1 On Donating a cow

गौ दान  किस को

ददामीत्येव ब्रूयादनु चैनामभुत्सत।

वशां  ब्रह्मभ्यो याचद्भ्यस्तत्प्रजावदपत्यवत्‌ || अथर्व 12.4.1

Cows should be given in keeping of learned persons

(veterinarians) who have noble temperaments.

गौओं को ब्राह्मण वृत्ति के पशु पालन  वैज्ञानिकों के ही दायित्व में देना  चाहिए ।

4.1.0.2 AV 12-4-2 Curse of a sick Cow दुःखी गौ का श्राप

प्रजया स वि क्रीणीते पशुभिश्चोप दस्यति।

य आर्षेयेभ्यो याचभ्दयो देवानां  गां न  दित्सति ।। अथर्व 12-4-2

Those who do not give cows in the keeping of such

 virtuous persons to bring about improvements in the

 cows, merely trade and do no service for society.

 They  suffer from curse of unhappy cows.

जो लोग कुशल कार्य कर्ताओं की सहायता से गौ संवर्द्धन  का कार्य

नहीं करते, वे केवल व्यापार वृत्ति से कार्य कराते हैं। वे दुखी  गौ के

श्राप के भोगी होते हैं।

4.1.0.3 AV 12-4-3 Underfed Cow's Curse

दुःखी गौ का श्राप

कूटयास्य सं शीर्य-ते श्लोणया काटमर्दति।

बण्ड्या दह्य-ते गृहाः काणया दीयते स्वम् ।। अथर्व 12-4-3

Society that trades in unhealthy cows gets destroyed

By  curse of unhappy cows.

जो समाज गौ को व्यापार मान  कर चलाते हैं, वे दुखी गौ के श्राप से

नष्ट हो जाते हैं।

4.1.0.4 AV12-4-4 same as above फिर वही

विलोहितो अधिष्ठानाच्छद्विक्लिदुर्नाम विन्दति गोपतिम् ।

तथा वशायाः संविद्यं दुरदभ्ना  ह्युच्यसे ।। अथर्व12-4-4

Miserly person's looking after the cows neglect their

Feed and health. Cows suffer bleeding and such

ailments which become incurable.

कंजूस गोपालक की गौ,रक्त  स्राव जैसे असाध्य रोगों से ग्रसित हो

कर नष्ट  हो जाती हैं।

4.1.0.5 AV 12-4-5 Foot and mouth disease

मुंह खुरपका

पदोरस्या अधिष्ठानाद्विक्लिन्दुर्नाम विंदति|

अनामनात्सं शीर्यन्ते या मुखेनोपजिघ्रति ।। अथर्व 12-4-5

By sniffing her feet/ place where cow puts her feet, A

disease 'Wiklindu' is contracted that finally destroys

the cow. ( The obvious reference is to the contagious

Foot and mouth disease)

गौ अपने  खुर सूंघने  से मुंह खुर पका रोग से ग्रस्त हो कर नष्ट हो

जाती  है।

4.1.0.6 AV12-4-6 Do not make Cut marks on Cow

ears

गौ की पहचान के लिए कान मत काटो

यो अस्याः कर्णावास्कुनोत्या स देवेषु वृश्चते ।

लक्ष्मं कुर्व इति मन्यते कनीयः कृणुते स्वम् ।। अथर्व 12-4-6

Those persons who make cut marks on cow's ears for

Identification, are as if cutting short their own wealth.

गौ की पहचान के लिए  के कान नहीं काटने  चाहिएं।

4.1.0.7 AV 12-4-7 Do not cut COW Hair गौ के बाल नही

काटे  जाते

यदस्याः कस्मै चिद्भोगाय बालान्कश्चित्प्रकृन्तति ।

ततः किशोरा म्रियन्ते वत्सांश्च धातुको वृकः ।। अथर्व 12-4-7

Those who cut hair of a cow for any reasons, are

Cursed  to suffer in life.

जो किसी तांन्त्रिक कार्य के लिए गौ के बाल लेते हैं उन को श्राप

 लगता है।

4.1.0.8 AV 12-4-8 Protect Cows from attack by birds गौ को कौए इत्यादि पक्षियों से बचाएं

यदस्या गोपतौ सत्या लोम ध्वाङ्क्षो अजीहिडत् ।

ततः कुमारः म्रियन्ते  यक्ष्मो विन्दत्यनामनात् ।। अथर्व 12-4-8

If crows are allowed to attack a cow, the lazy care

taker of  cows will suffer from tuberculosis.

 ( Lazy persons attract Tuberculosis) 

जो चरवाहा गौ को कौए जैसे पक्षियों से नहीं बचाता , उस आलसी

को  क्षय रोग होगा । (आलस्य के कारण क्षय रोग होता है)

4.1.0.9 AV12-4-9 Cow Dung and Urine

गोबर गोमूत्र

यदस्याः पल्पूलनं  शकृद्दासी समस्यति ।

ततोऽपरूपं जायते तस्मादव्येष्यदेनसः ।। अथर्व 12-4-9

Throwing away in to waste the Cow Dung and Cow

Urine disfigures the society.

गोबर गोमूत्र व्यर्थ करने  से समाज के रूप की सुन्दरता नष्ट हो जाती

है ।

VETERINARY SERVICES

पशु चिकित्सा सेवाएं

4.1.0.10 AV 12-4-10 Cow Protection गौ सुरक्षा

जायमानाभि जायते  देवान्त्सब्राह्मणान्वशा ।

तस्माद ब्रह्मभ्यो देयैषा तदाहुः स्वस्य गोपनम् ।। अथर्व 12-4-10

Cow should always be under the care of

 Knowledgeable persons having altruistic attitudes.

This  is the best form of COW PROTECTION

गौपालन  में ब्राह्मण वृत्ति के कुशल गोपालकों से ही गौ सुरक्षित

रहती है।

4.1.0.11 AV12-4-11 No Cow protection is cruelty

गौ की असुरक्षा अपराध है

य एनां  वनिमायन्ति तेषां देवकृता वशा।

ब्रह्मज्येयं तदब्रुवन्य एना निप्रयायते ।। अथर्व 12-4-11

Not providing cow in to proper hands for care is

cruelty to cows.

गौ को ब्राह्मण वृत्ति के लोगों के हाथ न देना गौ पर  अत्याचार है।

4.1.0.12 AV 12-4-12 Same again वही विषय

य आर्षेयेभ्यो या चद्भयो देवानां गां न  दित्सति ।

आ स देवेषु वृश्चते ब्राह्मणानां  च मन्यते ।। अथर्व 12-4-12

Not providing the cows with such care, destroys good

 traditions of society.

गौवों को ऐसी सुरक्षा न  देने  से सामाजिक परम्पराओं का  नाश

होता है।

4.1.0.13 AV 12-4-13 pre parturition post parturition

care

दूध से हटी गर्भिनी गौ सेवा विषय

यो अस्य स्याद् वशाभोगो अन्यामिच्छेत तर्हि सः ।

हिंस्ते अदत्ता पुरुषं याचितां च न  दित्सति ।। अथर्व 12-4-13

Productive cows can be kept for the immediate

 benefits but unproductive cows must be given for

 care by selfless persons.

बाखड़ी, गर्भिणी, दूध से सूखी गौ को निस्वार्थ सेवा चाहिए।

4.1.0.14 AV 12-4-14 Same as above वही विषय फिर

यथा शेवधिर्निहितो  ब्राह्मणानां  तथा वशा ।

तामेतदच्छायन्ति  यस्मिन्कस्मिंश्च जायते ।। अथर्व 12-4-14

Like the protection to be provided for hidden

treasures, such cows must be provided with due

protection .

( Modern science calls it Pre parturition & post

parturition- a 90 days regime two months or more

before calving and at least one week after calving

care under best hands)

जैसे किसी कोष की सुरक्षा की जाती है, उसी प्रकार विद्वान  कुशल

हाथों से बाखड़ी, कम/बिना  दूध की गर्भवती गौ की सुरक्षा होती है।

4.1.0.15 AV 12-4-15Denial of this service is cruelty to Cows

यह गौ सेवा उप्लब्ध न होना  गौ पर अत्याचार है

तस्मेतदच्छायन्ति  यद् ब्राह्मणा अभि ।

यथैनानन्यस्मिञ्जिनीयादेवास्या निरोधनम् ।। अथर्व 12-4-15

It is the duty of selfless good persons (veterinarians)

To provide this service. Denial of this service is cruelty towards Cows.

गौ वंश की ऐसी सेवा समाज का दायित्व है। इस सेवा का प्रबंध  न

होना  गौ पर अत्याचार है।

Importance of Veterinary Services गो विज्ञान  का महत्व

4.1.0.16 AV 12-4-16 Increase of Cows and identification

गो वंश विस्तार और उसे चिह्नित  करना

चरेदेवा त्रैहायणादविज्ञातगदा सती ।

वशां च विद्यान्नारद ब्राह्मणास्तह्येर्ष्याः ।। अथर्व 12-4-16

Up to three years of age a heifer moves around with

its mother. Then it Caves and has to be given an

identity and  donated to a deserving good household.

तीन  वर्ष तक की उस्रिया माता के संग रहती है। बछ्ड़ा देने  पर उस

का नामकरण करके किसी उपयुक्त परिवार को दान  की जाती है

4.1.0.17 AV 12-4-17 Nonobservance of such practice

 Is not in best interests of society

ऐसे गोदान न करना समाज कल्याण हित में नही होता

य एनामवशामाह देवानां निहितं निधिम् ।

उभौ तस्मै भवाशर्वौ परिक्रम्येषुमस्यतः ।। अथर्व 12-4-17

Those who realize the wealth in cow's udders and

milk, but do not share these cows with population, are

doing great disservice to welfare of the community.

जो गौ के दुग्ध का महत्व जानते हुए भी ऐसे गोदान नहीं करते वे

समाज के लिए कल्याण कारी नहीं सिद्ध होते

4.1.0.18 AV 12-4-18 Same again वही विषय फिर

यो अस्या ऊधो न  वेदाथो अस्या स्तनानुत ।

उभयेनैवास्मै दुहे दातुं चेदशकद्वशाम् । । अथर्व 12-4-18

Even ignorant persons if they donate cows for

Spreading them, do a great community service.

अविद्वान  लोग भी जो गोदान  से गौ संवर्द्धन  करने  के लिए यथा

समय गौ सेवा के लिए गौ दान  करते हैं, वे समाज सेवा का बड़ा

काम करते हैं

4.1.0.19 AV 12-4-19 Same again वही विषय फिर

दुर दभ्नैनमा शये याचितां च ना  दित्सति।

नास्मै कामाः समृध्यन्ते  यामदत्त्वा चिकीर्षति ।। अथर्व 12-4-19

Motivated by selfish considerations those who do not

Lend their cows at appropriate times for proper care

 by experts, make their cows suffer and are in the end

not able to derive the benefits they were trying to

 protect in the first place .

बाखड़ी गर्भ वती गौ की विशेष सेवा के लिए जो लोग अपनी  गौओं

को विशेषज्ञों के पास दान रूप से नही भेजते, उन  की गौएं कष्ट में

रहती हैं और जो लाभ अपेक्षित था वह नहीं मिलता।

4.1.0.20 AV 12-4-20  

Provide Vet experts honorable place

गो चिकित्सकों का आदर करो  

देवा वशामयाचन्मुखं कृत्वा ब्राह्मणम् ।

तेषां सर्वेषामददद्धेडं न्येति मानुषः ।। अथर्व 12-4-20

Veterarian’s offer  for providing help to community to

take care of Cows should be gratefully accepted .

Ignoring the Vet Services angers the Vet Experts

पशु चिकित्सक गो सेवा के लिए उत्सुक रहते हैं। उन  सेवा ने  लेने

पर वे  क्रुद्ध होते हैं।

4.1.0.21 AV 12-4-21 Veterinarians पशु चिकित्सक

हेडं पशूनां न्येति ब्राह्मणेभ्योऽददद्वशाम् ।

देवानां निहितं भागं मर्त्यश्चेन्निप्रियायते ।। अथर्व 12-4-21

Veterinarians are to be made available to serve cows.

By not taking  their services properly even the cows

are put to great  discomfort.

गौ सेवा के लिए प्रशिक्षित जन गोसेवा अवसर की प्रतीक्षा में  उत्सुक

रहते हैं। उन  की सेवा न  लेने  से गौ को भी बहुत पीड़ा होती है।

4.1.0.22 AV 12-4-22 Veterinary help

पशु चिकित्सा दायित्व

यदन्ये  शतं याचेयुर्ब्राह्मणा गोपतिं वशाम्‌।

अथैनां  देवा अब्रुवन्नेवं ह विदुषो वशा ।। अथर्व 12-4-22

Hundreds of people seek help from veterinarians, and

All their cows are said to belong to him.

बहुत से लोग अपनी  गौएं पशु चिकित्सक के पास ले जाते हैं। वे सब

गौ उस चिकित्सक की कही जाती हैं।

4.1.0.23 AV12-4-23 Expert Vet Services

कुशल पशु चिकित्सक सेवा

य एवं विदुषेऽदत्त्वाथान्येभ्यो ददद्वशाम् ।

दुर्गा तस्मा अधिष्ठाने पृथिवी सहदेवता ।। अथर्व 12-4-23

Those who do not take help of trained Vets and go to

Seek help from illiterates, cause lot of misery and loss

to society.

जो लोग विद्वान  पशुचिकित्सकों को छोड़ कर अविद्वानों  के पास

जाते हैं, वे समाज में दुःख का कारण होते हैं।

4.1.0.24 AV 12.4.24 Ignoring Vet help

पशु चिकित्सा न लेना

देवा वशामयाचन्यस्मिन्नग्रे अजायत ।

तामेतां विद्यान्नारदः सह देवै रुदाजत ।। अथर्व 12-4-24

First time pregnant cow needs extra care. House

Holders may think of such cows to be their blessing

and feel that it can take care of itself on its own as a

routine.

पहली बार गर्भ वती को गृह स्वामी अपना  सौभाग्य समझ कर यह

सोच लेता है कि सब अपने  से ठीक होगा। यह ग़लती है

4.1.0.25 AV 12-4-25 Continued वही विषय

अनपत्यमल्पपशुं वशा कृणोति पूरुषम्‌।

ब्राह्मणैश्च याचितामथैनां निप्रियायते ।। अथर्व 12-4-25

Ignoring the expert Vet help those who confine such cows to their family out of misplaced affection, unknowingly cause harm to their cows and bring damage to the interests of their family.

विशेषज्ञों की सहायता न  ले कर ये गो स्वामी गौ और अपने  परिवार का और गौ का अहित करता है।

4.1.0.26 AV 12-4-26

अग्नीषोमाभ्यां कामाय मित्राय वरुणाय च ।

तेभ्यो याचन्ति  ब्राह्मणास्तेष्वा वृश्चतेऽददत् ।। अथर्व 12-4-26

Knowledge, Skills, Expert help, Implements and Resources all are needed for proper care. Ignoring this is a retrograde step.

विद्वत्ता, ज्ञान , हर प्रकार के संसाधन  उपयुक्त  स्थान  और समय पर उपलब्ध रहने  चाहिएं।

इन  सब पर ध्यान न  देना  समाज में पिछड़ापन  बढ़ाता है।

PASTURE FEEDING गोचर विषय

4.1.0.27 AV 12.4.27 Time to release Cows for Pastures प्रातः काल गोचर

यावदस्या गोपतिर्नोपशृणुयाद्दचः स्वयम् ।

चरेदस्य तावद्गोषु नास्यं श्रुत्वा गृहे वसेत् ।। अथर्व 12-4-27

Morning strains of mantras when heard being recited at Agnihotras indicates the time to release cows to go to pastures for self feeding.

प्रातः कालीन मंत्रो के पाठ की ध्वनि  जब सुनाई देती है, तब जानिए कि गौओं को गोचर में जाने  का समय हो चला

4.1.0.28 AV 12-4-28 Stall feeding is harmful घर में गौ को बंध कर मत रखो

यो अस्या ऋचउपश्रुत्याथ गोष्वचीचरत् ।

आयुश्च तस्य भूतिं च देवा वृश्चन्ति  हीडिताः ।। अथर्व 12-4-28

One who keeps Cows at home to feed even after hearing the morning mantra patha suffers in life.

जो प्रातःकाल मंत्र ध्वनि  सुनने  के पश्चात भी गौ को अपने  घर पर बांध कर खिलाता है, वह जीवन  मे दुख पाता है।

4.1.0.29 AV 12.4.29 Time to stay in Pastures गोचर में रहने  का समय

वशां चरन्ति  बहुधा देवानां निहितो निधिः ।

आविष्कृणुष्व रूपाणि यदा स्थाम जिघांसति ।। अथर्व 12- 4-29

As long as the cows like to feed in pastures they represent community assets. When cows want to retreat from pastures they indicate it by many signs.

गोचर में गौएं समाज की धरोहर के रूप में रहती हैं।जब वे पुन: अपने  गृह स्वामी के स्थान  जाना  चाहती हैं, स्वयम् संकेत करती हैं।

4.1.0.30 AV 12-4-30

आविरात्मानं कृणुते यदास्त्थाम जिघांसति।

अथो ह ब्रह्मभ्यो वशा याञ्च्याय कृणुते मन:।। अथर्व 12-4-30

Cow herself indicates the time for her to go back to her home for help from her master

जब गोचर से गृह स्वामी के पास जाने  का समय होता है गौ स्वयम् ऐसे संकेत देती है।

4.1.0.31 AV 12-4-31Cow's desires are to be complied , गौ के अनुकूल आचरण हो

मनसा सं कल्पयति तद्देवाँ अपि गच्छति ।

ततो ह ब्रह्माभ्यो  वशामुपप्रयन्ति  याचितुम् ।। अथर्व 12-4-31

When Cows want to leave pastures to return to their homes, their desires should be complied with. ( It is the udder stress when it is full of milk, that prompts cow to return to her master for milking her and feeding her calf)

गौ के घर लौटने  के संकेत पर दूध दुहने  के लिए गौ को गृह स्वामी के यहां ले जाना चाहिए।

4.1.0.32 AV 12-4-32 Cow's Blessings गौ के आशीर्वाद

स्वधाकारेण पितृभ्यो यज्ञेन  देवताभ्यः ।

दानेन  राजन्यो  वशाया मातुर्हेडं न गच्छति ।। अथर्व 12-4-32

Cows blessings flow by long life  and  presence of  elders in Society, Ajya for havi in yagyas, for the Society by her bounties (organic agriculture).

पितरों को अपने  स्वरूप से, ब्राह्मणों को यज्ञ में आज्य की हवि से,राज्य को अपनी  उपलब्धियों से धन्य  करती हैं।

4.1.0.33 AV 12-4-33 Cows belong to the learned गौ बुद्धिजीवियों की होती है

वशा माता राजन्यस्य तथा संभूतमग्रशः ।

तस्या आहुरनर्पणं यद ब्रह्मभ्यः प्रदीयते ।। अथर्व 12-4-33

Cow on first priority provides for protecting the welfare of society like a

mother does. But Cow really belongs to the Veterinarian intellectuals, who

provide for its  upkeep.

गौ सामाज को सर्व प्रथम माता कि तरह संरक्षण प्रदान  करती है।

परन्तु वास्तव में विद्वान  बुद्धिजीवि ही गौ को सुरक्षा प्रदान  करते

हैं।

4.1.0.34 AV12-4-34 Gross treatment of Cows a Crime गाव से दुर्व्यवहार अपराध है

यथाज्यं प्रगृहीतमालुम्पेत्स्त्रुचो अग्नये ।

एवा ह ब्रह्मभ्यो वशग्नय आ वृश्चतेऽददत् ।। अथर्व 12-4-34

Like Ajya havi dropping outside the fire is a crime, not providing the cows

with good Veterinary care is also a crime.

जैसे यज्ञाग्नि  से बाहर स्रुवा से आज्य गिराना  अपराध है, उसी प्रकार गौ को पशु चिकित्सक की

सेवा से दूर रखना  भी एक अपराध है।

4.1.0.35 AV 12-4-35 Productive cow fulfils all needs दुधारु गौ सम्पन्नता प्रदान करती है

पुरोडाशवत्सा सुदुधा लोकेऽस्मा उप तिष्ठति

सस्मै सर्वान्कामान्वशा  प्रददुशषे  दुह ।। अथर्व 12-4-35

Productive Cows fulfill all needs of the society

सवत्सा दुधारु गौ सब कामानाएं पूर्ण करती है

4.1.0.36 AV 12-4-36 Denying provision of cows leads to hell गो सेवा न  करना नरक देता है

सर्वान्कामान्ययमराज्ये वशा प्रददुशे दुहे  ।

अथहुर्नारकं लोकं निरुन्धा नस्य याचिताम् ।। अथर्व 12-4-36

Not making provision for good cows, denying cow products to the needy,

turns the society in to a living hell

गो सेवा से यम राज के यहां भी सब इच्छा पूरी होती हैं, परन्तु  गौ की  सेवा न  करने  से नरक

से छुटकारा नहीं मिलता।

4.1.0.37 AV 12-4-37 Cows denied mating are angry cows

गौ को वृषभ आवश्यक है

प्रवीयमाना  चरति क्रुद्धा गोपतये वशा ।

वेहतं मा मन्यमानो  मृत्योः पाशेषु बध्यताम् ।। अथर्व 12-4-37

Denial of breeding to good cows makes them infertile makes cows angry

and curse the keepers to Death.

(Modern practice of artificial insemination is known to  cause infertility. This

 is a challenge for modern Dairy Practice.))   

गौ को वृषभ का सहवास न  मिलने  पर गौ क्रोधित और बांझ होने

 लगती  हैं। (क्रित्रिम गर्भाधान में गौ बांझ होने लगती हैं )

4.1.0.38 AV 12-4-38 Cow Breeding facility

गौ प्रजनन व्यवस्था

यो वेहतं मन्यमानो ऽमा च पचते वशा ।

अप्यस्य पुत्रान्‌ पौत्रांश्च याचयते बृहस्पति ।। 12-4-38

Neglect of breeding a good cow makes the coming  generation of society in

 to beggars

जिस समाज में गौ प्रजनन सुव्यवस्थित नहीं होता वहां के लोग भीख मांगते हैं।

Pasture Significance गोचर महत्व

4.1.0.39 AV 12-4-39 Pastures should have free access गोचर महत्व

महदेषाव तपति चरन्ति  गोषु गौरपि ।

अथो ह गोपतये वशाददुषे विषं दुहे ।। अथर्व 12-4-39

Barriers in pastures angers the cows, the milk from such cows is likened to

poison. (महदेषाव - Big barriers)

(This fact is fully supported by latest dairy

science researches. Only milk of green forage fed cows is rich Essential

Fatty acids-Omega3 & Omega 6 and has much lower saturated fat content

and is rich with all Carotenoids. This is confirmed by the researches

shown here.)

 

गोचर में जाने में गौओं को कोई बाधा नही होनी  चाहिए। जो गौ गोचर नहीं जा पाती उन का

दूध विष समान  होता है। गोचर में पोषित गौ के दूध में वे पोषक तत्व होते हैं जिन्हे आधुनिक

वैज्ञानिक करोटिनायड जो नेत्र ज्योति का संरक्षण करते हैं – यह तत्व भैंस के दूध में नहीं पाए

जाते.  और असंतृप्त वसा unsaturated Fatty  Acids  कहलाते हैं, जो मानव शरीर के लिए

सर्व रोग निरोधक और ओषधि माने जाते हैं.  इन्हीं के कारण गोदुग्ध को अमृत कहा जाता है. 

FAT IN COW MILK

गो दुग्ध में वसा

4.1.0.40 AV 12-4-40 High fat milk for Brahmins

ब्राह्मणों को आज्य के लिए अधिक वसा

प्रियं पशूनाम भवति यद् ब्रह्म्भ्यः प्रदीयते ।

अथो वशायास्तत्प्रियं  यद्देवत्रा हविः स्यात् ।। अथर्व 12-4-40

For Brahmins to perform Yagyas higher fat content in milk is provided. This

 in turn brings great benefits to Environment, Society and even other cows

 and agriculture.

ब्राह्मणों द्वारा बड़े बड़े यज्ञ करने  के लिए गोघृत के लिए अधिक वसा वाले गोदुग्ध का प्रबन्ध

होता है। इन  यज्ञों से पर्यावरण के साथ कृषि, गौ  इत्यादि को भी लाभ होता है।

4.1.0.41 AV 12-4-41 Higher fat Milk

या वशा उदकल्पयन्देवा यज्ञादुदेत्य।

तासां विलिप्त्यं भीमामुदाकुरुत नारदः ।। अथर्व 12-4-41

For yagyas experts developed very high fat content milk bearing cows such

as Vilpti breeds

यज्ञों के लिए अधिक वसा वाले दुग्ध की गौ विलिप्ती कहलाती है।

( During Vedic times, High Fat content of Cow's milk was not considered

desirable quality milk and had to

be consumed very carefully. To get the best desirable qualities in Milk,

cows were sent for green forage feeding in Pastures. Stall feeding and

heavy concentrated grain feeding which is very proudly acknowledged as a

veterinary nutrition science achievement has been the main cause of host

of new human diseases that were not known in earlier  times.)

4.1.0.42 AV12-4-42 About Vilipti Breeds

विलिप्ती के बारे में

तां देवा अमीमास-त वशेया 3 मबशेतिं।

तामब्रवीन्नारद एषा वशानां  वशतमेति ।। अथर्व 12-4-42

It was feared that such cows may not be of good    temperament. But on

the contrary such cows were found to be very docile

शंका थी कि विलिप्ती सुशील स्वभाव की न  होगी। परन्तु  ऐसा नहीं है।

4.1.0.43 AV 12-4-43 Vilipti population control

विलिप्ती का प्रसार

कति नु  वशा नारद यास्त्वं वेत्थ मनुष्यजाः ।

तास्वा पृच्छामि विद्वांसं कस्या नाश्नीयादब्राह्मणः ।। 12-4-43

Such cows were specially desired for Brahmans doing yagyas to meet the

extra requirements of fat for havi, it was therefore to be ensured that

adequate numbers of such cows are born, and are to be exclusively

meant for Brahmins to perform yagyas. (This is confirmed by Kerala

Namboodri Brahmins maintaining Vitur breeds of cows that give milk with

higher fat content.)

आवश्यकता के अनुसार आज्य की व्यवस्था के लिए पर्याप्त संख्या में

विलिप्ति गौ की प्रजनन प्रबंध  योजना  आवश्यक है।

4.1.0.44 AV 12-4-44 High Fat milk is not for human diet अधिक वसा का दुग्ध आहार नहीं

विलिप्त्या बृहस्पते या च सूतवशा वशा ।

तस्या नाश्नीयादब्राह्मणो या आशंसेत भूत्याम् ।। अथर्व 12-4-44

Experts pointed out that if one is looking for assured Good life, High Fat

milk from these domesticated cows was to be used intelligently ( by

removing extra fat) human diet. This high fat in milk  was  designed for

yagyas by Brahmins.

4.1.0.45 AV 12-4-45 Experts should guide about

Which  cows are meant for what purpose

विशेषज्ञ बताएं किस गौ का दुग्ध आहार  के योग्य है

नमस्ते अस्तु नारदानुष्ठु विदुषे वशा ।

कतमासां भीमतमा यमदत्त्वा पराभवेत ।। अथर्व 12-4-45

Gratitude is expressed for the guidance of experts to advise about

suitability of milk for specific uses.

विद्वानों  का आभार है जो यह ज्ञान  देते हैं कि किस गौ का दुग्ध किस प्रयोग में लेना  है।

4.1.0.46 AV 12-4-46 Only docile cows to be kept as family cows

विलिप्ती या बृहस्पते ऽथो सूतवशा वशा ।

तस्या नाश्नीयादब्राह्मणो य आशंसेत भूत्याम् । ।अथर्व 12-4-46

Cows called Vilipti which give high fat milk, and those called Sootwasha,

that  can be controlled only by expert  staff, are not to be used as

domesticated family cows.

विलिप्ती अधिक वसा वाला दुग्ध देने  वालि गौ और सूतवशा मरखनी गौ जो केवल कर्मचारियों

के वश में रह सकती हैं , ग़ृह परिवार में पालने के योग्य नहीं होती।

4.1.0.47 AV 12-4-47 Three categories of cows गौ कि तीन  प्रजातियां

त्रीणि वै वशाजातानि विलिप्ती सूतवशा वशा ।

तः प्रच्छेद् ब्रह्मभ्यः सो ऽनाव्रस्कः प्रजापतौ । । अथर्व 12-4-47

These three categories of cows, require to be

understood,

1. Those whose milk has high fat content,

2.Those which are difficult to control,

3.Those which are docile by nature and good as

 household cows .

विलिप्ती, सूतवशा और वशा गौ की तीन  प्रजातियां हैं ।

4.1.0.48 AV 12-4-48 Donate high Fat Milk for Yagyas

अधिक वसा के दुग्ध का आज्य में प्रयोग

एतद् वो ब्राह्मणा हविरति मन्वीत याचितः ।

वशां चेदेनं  याचेयुर्या भीमाददुषो गृहे ।। अथर्व 12-4-48

Donate high fat milk cows to Brahmins to facilitate performing of Ygyas.

Such cows are very dangerous (for health) to keep in one's family, and

should be donated for making Ajya for Havi .

अधिक वसा वाली गौ को यज्ञ के आज्य के लिए ब्राह्मणों को दान  मे दे देना  उचित है। ऐसी गौ को परिवार में दुग्धाहार के लिए न ही रखना चाहिए।

4.1.0.49 AV 12.4.49

देवां वशां पर्यवद न्‌ न नोऽदादिति हीडिताः।

एताभिरृषिग्भिर्भेदं तस्माद् वै स पराभवत्‌।। अथर्व 12-4-49

Those who ignore the advice to seek help of Vet experts in matters connected with family cows, seriously suffer the ill effects on their cows.

जो जन गौ ज्ञान विशेषज्ञों से सहायता नहीं लेते उन के गोवंश की अवनति होती है.  

4.1.0.50 AV 12-4-50

उतैनां भेदो नाददाद् वशामिन्द्रण याचितः ।

तस्मात् तं देवा आगसोऽवृश्चन्नहमुत्तरे ।। अथर्व 12-4-50

Those who did not seek Vet help for their cows even after having been advised to get expert learned person's help, met with death in life as a punishment for ignoring the sage advice.

(Here the reference is to not making available pre-parturition and post-parturition help for their household cows. Cows under such neglect not only suffer physically ill health, drop the new born, but also are liable to spread contagious diseases to humans. In the long run such cows the health and milk production of such cows gradually declines, as has happened in India.)

इस आदेश का पालन न  करने  वालों को मृत्यु प्राप्त हुइ ।

4.1.0.51 AV 12-4-51

ये वशाया अदानाय वदन्ति  परिरापिणः । इन्द्रस्य मन्यवे जाल्मा आ वृश्चन्ते  अचित्या ।। अथर्व 12-4-51

वे लोग जो गोसेवा मे समय नहीं देते, जैविक कृषि, पञ्चगव्य इत्यादि का लाभ नहीं लेते, वे रुद्र के कोप से ग्रसित होते हैं।

Those ill advised who do not devote their time and labor for utilizing

 the family cows , and cultivate organic crops they suffer through

pests insects, diseases thrown by Rudra. (Rudra here is the controller

of harmful diseases caused by microbial agents).

4.1.0.52 AV12-4-52

ये गोपतिं पराणीयाथाहुर्मा ददा इति ।

रुद्रस्यास्तां ते हेतिं परि यन्तचित्त्या ।। अथर्व 12-4-52

Those cow owners who get misled in to not giving their cows in to the

care of experts, do not realize that they suffer innumerable ruinous

diseases caused by microbiological pathogens. (This is a clear

reference to communicable zoonotic diseases like brucellosis,

tuberculosis etc being transferred to humans from sick  cows)

जो अज्ञानी  समाज गौ की कुशल विद्वानों  से देख रेख नहीं करवाता वह स्वयं भी भयंकर  रोगों से ग्रसित हो जाता है

4.1.0.53 AV 12-4-53

यदि हुता यद्यहुताममा च पचते वशाम् ।

देवान्त्सब्राह्मणा नृत्वा जिह्नो  लोकान्निर्रिच्छंति ।।12-4-53

Such a person and society that keeps its cows in confinement in their homes, suffer fall from grace of learned people and Gods.

जो यज्ञादि के कारण गौ को निज गृह में बांध कर ही रखता है, वह समाज और देवों के प्रति पाप कर और समाज को हीन  बनाता है।

4.1.1.1 AV 3.14.1        

संवो गोष्ठेन सुषदा सं रय्यसं सुभूत्या।  अहर्जातस्य यन्नाम तेना व: सं सृजा मसि।।

अथर्व 3.14.1

In this cow house', we provide for you with, Comfortable bedding obtained with money, good materials of Freshly daily produced feeds & water, and provide for many calvings.

(सुषदा गोष्ठेन व: सम्‌) सुख से जहां बैठा जा सकता है, ऐसे गोष्ठ का प्रबंध करो.

(रय्या  सं ,भूत्या सं) उत्तम साधनों और आहार का प्रबंध करो. ( जल और हरा) स्वच्छ जल से और उत्तम हरे से दुग्ध उत्पादन  और गौ के स्वास्थ्य में महत्वपूर्ण सुधार होता है. 

( अहर्जातस्य तेना सृजामसि) पुन: पुन: गर्भ धारण कर के बछड़े बछिया को जन्म देने की व्यवस्था करो ( उत्तम नन्दी  उपलब्ध करो)

( In earlier times cows were provided with comfortable floors of clean earth, sand , or straw etc to sit. In modern Dairy practice Cows are provided with comfortable beddings to sit. Plastic Foam pads, and composite canvass water beds are in use in developed world. By providing hard floors for cows to sit, discomfort, damage to milk teats and udder and injuries to knees etc are very common. Milk yield increase up to 10% is possible just by providing comfortable beddings for cows. Good water to drink and green fodder makes significant improvements in health and milk productivity of Cows.)

Duty of State

4.1.1.2 AV 3-14-2

सं व: सृजत्वर्यमा सं पूषा सं बॄहस्पति:।

समिन्द्रो यो धनंजयो मयि पुष्यत यद् वसु।।

सब प्रकार के साधनों के कुशल प्रबंध  से गौ समाज में सम्पन्नता और पौष्टिकता प्रदानकरती है।

अर्यमा Chief Justice, पूषा  Food Minister बृहस्पति  Education minister धनंजय: Finance incharge  इंद्रो Good hard workers   व: मयि for you (the cow) & me सं सृजत् Provide for us, ie Cows and community  to be पुष्यत to be well fed यद वसु with prosperous living.

न्याय , खाद्यान्न , शिक्षा , आर्थिक व्यवस्थाएं  ऐसा प्रबंध करें  कि  कुशल युवा द्वारा गौ द्वारा समृद्धि और सम्पन्नता प्राप्त हो .

4.1.1.3

AV 3-14-3

संजग्माना अबिम्युषीर स्मिन् गोष्ठे करीषिणी:।

विभ्रती: सोम्यं मध्यनमीवा  उपेतन।। अथर्व 3-14-3

संजग्माना Moving together (in large scale operations like biogas, Panchgavya productions) अबिभ्युषी protected from thieves & carnivore करीषणी: provide with farm yard manure अस्मिन गोष्ठे उपेतन stay with us in our Goshala & your place providing सोम्यम मधु  sweet milk full of सोम Which gives to mind virtuous motivation - अनमीवा physically free from all diseases विभ्रती  spread & distribute in all directions.

इस गोशाला में अनेक  गौवें सुरक्षित, स्वस्थ, सुख से रहती हुई, (जिस से बड़े  स्तर पर उत्पादन द्वारा ) हमें उत्तम गोबर गोमूत्र के जैविक अन्न  पदार्थ और उत्तम दुग्धादि, पञ्च गव्य  द्वारा शारीरिक पौष्टिकता और  मानसिक विकास प्रदान करें।

4.1.1.4  General management  

AV 3-14-4

इहैव गाव एतनेहो शकेव पुष्यत | इहैवोत प्र जायध्वं मयि संज्ञानमस्तु || अथर्व 3.14.4

Welcome all cows with love and affection to live in this institution, to grow in health, and numbers with excellent progeny .

सब गौवों को श्रद्धा और सेवा भाव से प्रेरित सुख मय वतावरण प्रदान करो, जिस से गोवंश की उन्नति हो

4.1.1.5  AV 3-14-5 Goshala to have Biodiversity of life

गोशाला में भिन्न भिन्न जीव जंतु  आवश्यक 

शिवो वो गोष्ठो भवतु शारिशाकेव पुष्यत।

इहैवोत प्र जायध्वं मया व: संसृजामसि।। अथर्व 3-14-5

सं सृजामसि We provide for you  शिवो वो गिष्ठो  this shelter to be blessed with, शारिकाशैव different birds (like egrets) Parrots and animals  living together in this cow house may provide us with रायस्पोषेण बहुला  Plentiful bounties सदेम  Sustainable रुप Welfare जीवा जीवन्ती for all the life here. to be also पुष्यत healthy on feeds,  प्रजायध्वं and to have large progeny. (biodiversity chain of nature)

इस गौशाला में गौओं के संपूर्ण विकास के पर्यावरण  में भिन्न भिन्न प्रकार के तोते बगुले  इत्यादि पक्षी अन्य पशु  साथ साथ रहने वाले भी गौ के स्वास्थ्य और पौष्टिकता के लिए आवश्यक हैं.

4.1.1.6 AV 3-14-6

मया गावों गोपतिना सचध्वमयं नो गोष्ठ इह पोषयिष्णु: ।

रायस्पोषेण बहुला भवन्तीर्जीवा जीवन्तीरुप व: सदेम।। अथर्व 3-14-6

Thus live with large number of happy well-fed well-loved cows for growth, health, long life and prosperity.

मया गोपतिना सचध्वम- मुझ गोपति के साथ रहकर आनंद भोग करती और कराती गौएं , इह पोयिष्णु – सदा पुप्ष्ट रहें और पौष्टिकता प्रदान करें, रायस्पोषेण बहुला – धन धान्य से सम्पन्नता  का साधन बनें , जीवन्ती: -सुख से जीवित रहती हुई , व: जिवा: उपसदेम- अपने (गौवों के साथ रह्ने से हम भी दीर्घायु बनें. 

Housing for Cows in Vedas

 Housing for Cows from Yajurved

Yaju1.1.2

वसो:  पवित्रमसि द्यौरसि पृथिव्यसि मातरिश्वनो घर्मोsसि विश्वधाsसि ।

परमेण धाम्ना दृँहस्व मा ह्वार्मा ते यज्ञपतिर्ह्वाषीत्‌ ॥ यजु 1.1.2

Manage the elements in and around goshala as follows;( Equally applicable to all habitats)

1.   पवित्रमसि –pawitrmasi;  Grow Cynodon Dactylon कुशा –दूब on all the open space. It is held by Vedic tradition that grass called kusha/doob  is a natural purifier. This grass is used in all ritualistic ceremonies and worships. Rural milk vendors  in Eastern UP  often put a top layer of this grass to act as a sieve while milking  their cows in to the milking pan. In fact in Darsheshti yajna  that monitors the agriculture pastoral activities, Yajurved mantra1.1.3  is used in monitoring the milk production of cows and asks; “पुनातु वसो: पवित्रेण शतधारेण सुप्वा कामधुक्ष:” “punaatu wasoh shatadhaaren supwaa kaamadhukshah”  After straining through a sieve of Cynodon Dactylon for sanitizing  the milk , which cow has provided this milk?  This grass is also put in drums while milk is being transported. It is believed that contact of milk with this grass enhances the shelf life of milk. (This can be a topic of small research. )

 It is now confirmed by modern science that kusha or doob  with botanical name Cynodon Dactylon  has fungicidal, bacticidal properties.  It is also well known that this grass grows only in good organically rich soil. Thus all soil should be well fertilized with cowdung and cow urine to ensure growing of this grass.

1.1       Logically pastures should also be rich with this variety of grass. If a cow feeds on larger proportion of this grass, can the milk of such a cow be expected to have better shelf life?

2.   द्यौरसि dyaurasi :  all Goshala space ( equally applicable to human habitat) must allow play of maximum sunlight . It is well known that there is no better natural sanitizer of floors and space than Solar radiations.  Thus it is laid down that design of the housings where cows are kept should allow maximum sunlight.

3.   पृथिव्यसि prithiwyasi ; Cows ( Equally applicable to humans) must have good opportunity to tread on bare clean earth. Problems with Dairy cattle confined on wet damp hard floors caused by hoof softness and infections and can be avoided by opportunity for the cattle to tread on bare clean earth.  ( Foot baths-However on return from pastures Vedas also lay down a system of foot bath, by suggesting that cows should be made to wade through knee deep water streams.)

4.   मातरिश्वनो घर्मोSसि  maatarishwano gharmosi : Ventilating air in Goshjala ( qually applicable to human habitat)  should be sanitized /clean by natural solar heat.

5.   विश्वधाsसि  wishwadhasi ; Such clean air for breathing sustains all life in the world.

6.   परमेण धाम्ना दृँहस्व parmen dhamnadrinhasw  Regular fumigation is necessary to clean the environment.

7.   मा ह्वार्मा ते यज्ञपतिर्ह्वाषीत्‌ Mahwarma te yajnapatirhwaasheet. Never neglect performing of Agnihotra –Fire ritual ( That also sanitizes the environment)  

Govt. Of India giving boost to Community disease & Cow slaughter

By implementing AI (Artificial Insemination) and enhancing presence of A1 Milk in India by continuing to import HF & Gersey Bulls and their semen Govt of India is not only ignoring the International Researches but also the ignoring  its own research by  National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR) Karnal on the importance of Indian breeds of cows as producers of A2 milk.
Govt of India has accorded its administrative approval on 16 th March to continue with its old policies. Operative part of the Govt of India approval is furnished below for all to read;-

F.No.22-23I2011-DP

Government of Irdia

Ministry of,AQrirulture , .

Department ofAnimal HUsbandry, Dairying & Fisheries , ,

Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi-11 0001

Dated the 16th March, 2012

OFFICE MEMORANDUM

Subject:- Administrative Approval of Central Sector Scheme "National Dairy Plan Phase-I (NDP-I)"

The undersigned is directed' to convey the Administrative Approval of

Government of India for implementation of Central Sector Scheme "National Dairy Plan" phase I for a period of six years from 201.1 -12. to 2016-17 With' the following objectives:,.

a) To help increase productivity" of milch animals and thereby increase milk production to meet the rapidly growing demand for milk,

 b) To help provide rural milk producers with greater access to the organised milk processing sector,

These objectives would be' pursued through the adoption of focused sciehtific and systematic processes in  provision of technical inputs supported by appropriate policy and 'regulatory measures.'

2. NDP-I will be implemented with 'a total investment of about  Rs:2,242 crore comprising RS.1584 Crore: as International Development Association (IDA)' credit, Rs:176 cror as  Gol share, RS.282 crore as share of  End Implementing Agencies (EIAs) that will, carry out the projects.in participating States and Rs,200 crore by National· Dairy Development Board (NDDS) and 'its subsidiaries for. Providing technical inputs and implementation support to the project. ' .

3., Pattern of funding under the scheme will be 100% grant in aid  for nutrition and breeding activities. In the case of new semen station, 25% qf the projett cost of the capital expenditure and in the case of village milk procurement systems, 50% of the cost of capital items will be shared by the End implementing Agencies. Administrative expenses including training expenses under the scheme would be kept within the admissible 6% ceiling of total expenditure proposed under the scheme.

 Page 1 of 8 

The key components of NDP-Phase I are: .

[A]. Productivity Enhancement.'

.The key components of NDP-Phase I are: .

[A]. Productivity Enhancement.

a).. Production of high genetic merit (HGM) cattle and buffalo bulls and import of Jersey/ HF Bulls for semen production

 i) Progeny testing

ii) Pedigree Selection

iii) Import of bulls.(equivalent embryos) 

 b). Strengthening existing semen stations / starting new stations for producing high quality disease free semen doses

 i) Strengthening existing semen stations -(A & B grade semen stations·

. only) ,

ii) New Semen stations

c). Setting up a pilot  model for viable doorstep AI delivery services (based on Standard Operating Procedures' [SOPs]) through a professional service

provider including animal tagging arid performance record

d). Improving nutrition of milch animals ,to produce milk commensurate with their genetic potential and for reducing methane emission

'i), Ration Balancing Program

ii)Fodder Development

 [B]. Village based milk procurement systems for weighing, testing quality

of milk received and  making payment to milk. Producers .

a) Milk weighing, testing and  collection .

b) Milk cooling

c) Support for creating institutional structure.

d) Training

[C] Project Management and Learning

a) ICT Based MIS

b) Learning & Evaluation; ~

5. NDP-I would focus on 14. major milk producing States - Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Maharashtra,.Karnataka, TamilNadu , Andhra Pradesh,Orissa and Kerala which account for over 90% of the country's milk production. Coverage of NDP I will however be across the country in terms of benefits accruing from the scheme.

6. . The scheme will be' implemented by NDDB through end implementing

agencies (EIAs) comprising State Livestock Boards, State Cooperative Dairy Federations, . District Cooperative; Milk Producer' Unions, cooperative forms of enterprises such as Producer Companies, Trusts (NGO's, Section 25 companies),

subsidiaries . of statutory bodies, ICAR institutes.' and Veterinary/Dairy.

Institutes/Universities and any other entity as may be decided by the National Steering Committee to be set up under the NDP-1. The EIAs will be eligible for funding of various components based on the 'eligibility criteria which will  comprise' geographical, technical, financial and governance parameters. .........

 

AI responsible for growing Cow slaughter in India

Breeding to improve INDIAN COWS

1.  Improving milk productivity of Indian cow has been pursued for many a decade in India. It is conceded that average yield of an Indian cow is very low at about 1000 liters/lactation, when compared to the better Indian cows giving 3000 to 4000 liters per day. Cross breeding by exotic European breeds is the best alternative to improve the genotype milk producing capability of the low yielding Indian cows. But it has to be well appreciated that best Dairy cows expected to provide better than 9000 liters /lactation have an average Dairy life in USA of 3.4 lactations. This strategy is not expected to work in Indian cultural traditions. We would much rather be happy with our cows giving around 2000 liters/lactation and with an average of ten lactations.

This should give a bench mark for improving milk yield of Indian cows, with an upper limit of about 3000 liters.

2.  Second consideration is about choice of exotic breeds to be considered for upgrading. It is now established that Indian breeds of cows belong to the ‘ancient’ breeds of cows that are known to produce A2 type milk in which BCM7 is not present in any significant proportions.   It thus becomes important that by cross breeding no change is to other type of milk and A1 type is not introduced in Indian breeds of cows. HF breed has been  the logical choice for cross breeding of Indian cows. Now that scientific evidence has emerged that HF cows are genetically producers of known to give A1 type of milk. Thus it is of utmost significance that HF should be excluded from choice of exotic breeding options for Indian cows.  The next alternative is Jersey cows. It is known that Jersey cows produce A2 type of milk. Average Jersey milk production is about 5000 liters/lactation. This milk productivity also matches the best potentials of Indian cows’ milk production.  Thus Jersey should be considered to the exclusion of HF for exotic blood for cross breeding of Indian cows.    

1.  AI as Breeding Practices:-

    AI (Artificial Insemination) is indeed a marvel of modern veterinary science. In US success rates of AI exceeding 80% are common, as also  same cows delivering by AI more than ten calves in  good Dairy farms  is not an exception.

1.1.1 AI Experience in India

   With best of our efforts in last 60 years, it has not been possible to achieve overall AI success rates better than 25% in India. Under controlled conditions even 80% success with AI has been achieved in India. With best of Govt. whole heartedly supported efforts, the resulting  poor performance of  30 % national success rates of AI should be a lesson to rethink about alternatives to AI in India.

 Economic hardship of farmers due to extended dry period on account of deficient AI delivery has never been assessed by anybody in India.

1.1.2. Repeatedly failed AI cattle become infertile.

Failed AI attempts give rise to fibroids in the vagina of a cow.  After a few calving these fibroids render a good fertile cows incapable of future conception. Loss of good milk yielding cows due to infertility has also never been assessed in the Indian Animal Husbandry practice. By poor AI delivery apart from tremendous burden on farmers in feeding cows for the extended dry period, excellent milk cattle is being turned infertile.

Infertility and AI (International Experience)

 Is Dairy Cow Fertility A Lost Cause?

A sea of change in farmers' attitudes is needed if the problem of poor fertility is to be solved in the modern dairy cow population, says Marco Winters, head of genetics for DairyCo Breeding+, in an article written for Dairy Farmer.

This message from Mr Winters reflects the fact that although daughter Fertility Index has been regularly published for bulls for over five years, there are many farmers who still disregard this index when selecting their AI sires.

This could mean they are positively breeding against good fertility.

"Every individual's breeding policy is clearly a matter of personal choice, but I'd say to any farmer who complains about poor cow fertility that he has the tools to change it within his grasp," says Mr Winters.

"Of course, it's well known that management plays a big part in a herd's overall reproductive performance, but there's no question that you can stack the odds in your favour by bringing in fertile genetics."

This argument is based on two pieces of clear and unambiguous evidence.

"The first is illustrated in a new graph which shows that as farmers have used bulls with higher and higher Predicted Transmitting Abilities (PTAs) for milk production, their PTAs for Calving Interval have got worse - in other words, they've got longer," says Mr Winters.

Graph 1 - which shows the genetics of the AI sires farmers have used over the past 20 years - clearly illustrates this effect.

Graph 1: PTA for Milk Production and Calving Interval for AI sires used on British farms over 20 years

But something different clearly happens in 2005," he says. "The lines very strongly diverge to indicate that while selection has continued in favour of milk production, genetics for calving interval have started to improve.

"This is excellent news - not just because it tells us that since 2005, when Fertility Index was introduced, some farmers have been considering fertility when selecting their AI sires," he says.

"But perhaps more importantly it tells us it's possible to continue to breed for better production, without sacrificing fertility."

This is extremely encouraging for the future fertility of the UK dairy cow population as it offers the realistic hope that we can make future improvements through better breeding.

This is corroborated in the second piece of compelling evidence, which is illustrated in graph two.

Graph 2: PTA for Calving Interval of UK dairy cows and the AI sires used on British farms

This graph shows the genetics for calving interval only, firstly in the cows in the national herd (blue line); then in the choice of AI sires (red line). The cows are referred to by year of birth; the AI sires by their year of use.

As the lines go up, so the genetics for calving interval gets worse - and it's worse in the sires (and therefore future generations) than the cows.

"What's also clear is that had there been a continuation of the trends of the 1990s, poor fertility would be an even greater problem today than is actually the case," says Mr Winters. "But that's hardly surprising as we had no Fertility Index at that time and farmers were selecting completely blind.

"But the introduction of Fertility Index in 2005 is immediately reflected in farmers' choice of sires, which is followed, a year later, in the genetics of the cows.

"And if we follow the choice of AI sires through to the animals that will be born in 2010 and 2011 (which we already know from inseminations recorded), we can see that these animals will have markedly better genetics for fertility.

"Those farmers who have adopted this strategy and are paying attention to Fertility Index are to be congratulated," continues Mr Winters. "And those AI companies who have embraced this index have played an important role in the process.

"But unfortunately, anecdotal evidence tells us that some AI companies do not readily publish this information and many farmers fail to request or take note of the index.

"I would urge these people - especially if they have a fertility problem - to use Fertility Index within part of a balanced breeding strategy.

"Screen on Profitable Lifetime Index [PLI] in the first instance, and then check those fitness indexes important to your herd and ensure you are using bulls which have strengths in the right areas. For many herds, the area which will need particular improvement is fertility, and today, it's possible to find more bulls on the market than ever before which will transmit good fertility on to their daughters."

June 2011

    In this way AI is helping the cow slaughter industry.

 1.1.3. Inbreeding with AI is a well recognized problem in developed world Dairies also. In India as it is we have a lot of inbreeding trouble, AI is being performed for better cattle. But big potential loss of good cattle by inbreeding is inherent in AI.

1.1.4 - Spread of IBR by AI is a well established fact.

     IBR (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis) has been an uncontrollable Zoonotic disease. Indian veterinary experts have the data of 20000 animals from Military Farms, Gaushala, Two Coordinated projects and 50 PG studies on this disease from India in support of this observation. It is reaching human population in the form of Swine Flu, Dengue fever, H1N1 infection, Common Cold and Cough spreading like epidemics in colder seasons.

Lot of infecting germs get preserved at low temperature. Such cryogenic friendly infections cannot be avoided completely in even the best AI technologies.

1.1.5 Still Births/Miscarriages in AI. Up to 10% wastage is considered normal on these accounts even in best AI practice.

In natural breeding questions of still births and miscarriages are results of only accidental mishaps. Average wastage as per experience with natural breeding is much less around 2%.

  1.1.6. A more practical approach to AI in Indian context is not to overlook the advantages of Natural breeding methods. Normally when cost advantage of AI is demonstrated, the added cost born by the society to find resources for extended dry periods of cattle  due to failed AI attempts, cost of cows rendered infertile due to improper AI operations are not taken in to calculations. Total costs involved in maintaining the cold chain, semen storage facilities, infrastructure of semen collection, storage and distribution and delivery infrastructure has never been taken in to consideration when comparing economics of AI with natural breeding practice.

 

    Overall total cost of natural breeding service under Indian conditions is far more advantageous than AI. 

 

1.1.7. AI and ET –Embryo Transfer – techniques can be practiced under controlled expert institutions and larger Goshalas  as  support for  the Field Services.   Investigations of genetic improvement of cattle worldwide indicate that 70% of genetic improvement in milk yield and other economic traits is through progeny testing only.  

    The annual genetic gain per year with progeny testing and with multiple ovulation and embryo transfer technology (MOET) with progeny testing is 1.8-2% and 3-4%, respectively.

 Considering all this ET technology for breed improvement should be given higher emphasis.  

 

1.1.8. Above analysis establishes that AI under highly controlled conditions (In good institutions) can serve as a fast short time strategy to reduce the time frame involved in breed improvement of lactating animals. AI in the long term, is not a sustainable, viable technique to be adopted by range agrarian society for all future breeding purposes.

Natural breeding by good pedigree bulls is the most sustainable and economically viable system.

Govt. should consider shrinking its present infrastructure on AI straw production centers, and AI services, by taking a very pragmatic view of their performance in the last many decades under Indian conditions. Saving to the national exchequer and hardships being faced by poor cattle owning farmers will be very significant. Large number of good cows that become infertile due to poor AI delivery practice will also be saved.

1.19. Pedigree Bulls.

Neutering Stray Bulls.

Govt. plans to cover bi AI  entire cow wealth of India has been in operation for the last 50 years. But till date AI facilities are reported to cover not more than 25% of Indian cows and buffaloes.  Bulk of the milk production of India obviously comes from unorganized sector cows. These cows and buffaloes depend on stray bulls for breeding. This results in spread of disease and decrease of milk productivity.

Govt. had many decades ago, very correctly laid down policy for neutering of all stray bulls.  Castration by mechanical means is the only method known in practice. Taming of a stray bull and performing castration is not an easy operation. Thus practically hardly any castration of stray bulls is done in India.

A medicine is reported to have been developed by Indian researchers many years ago to stop sperm production of Bulls and dogs. This medicine reported to be very regularly marketed in USA. But in India nobody knows about it. Neutered bulls still will perform the function of teaser bulls, and will be prevented from passing on their undesirable traits to cows in range.

Supply of pedigree Bulls.

Govt. has set up a number of bull development farms. But it is very important that all large Goshalas should be encouraged to participate in supply of pedigree male calves for breed conservation and improving the range cows. With increase use of farm machinery and tractors, everyone talks about ‘what to do with male calves’.  There is an immense need for good male calves for natural breeding purposes, and this aspect does not appear to have weighed with Indian planners. For supply of AI semen lot of attention is paid to evaluate ‘bulls for breeding soundness test ’ . For natural breeding most of the pedigree male calves will be any day better than non descript stray bulls for breeding.

2.  Cow - Milk productivity Improving targets(Indian Traditions)

 

As per Atharv Veda10.9.1 इन्द्रेण दत्ता प्रथमा शतौदना- First domesticated cow was developed to provide sustenance for up to 100 men, (this included milk and cow based agriculture produce). Considering the total milk and agriculture output attributable to good cow this is a reasonable statement even today.

Even during Mughal, cows giving 20 seers about 18 Kg milk were common according to historical records

. That would come to above 4000 kg of milk per cow in one lactation. Due to progressive loss of good pastures and decline in rural living standards, care of individual cows suffered greatly. Most male calves were reared for agriculture traction duties. According to Panini certain promising Male calves were selected for being raised as breeding bulls. They were called आर्षभ्य, Arshabhya. They were allowed to feed on two teats of their mother during weaning period. These male calves having breeding soundness after proper branding, were released for natural free breeding community service. Tattoo marking on the ears of a new born calf for breed evaluation and future breeding purpose has been tradition right fro Vedic period. Atharv Ved clearly stipulate ‘ लोहितेन स्वधितिना मिथुनम कर्णयो कृधि “Atharv ved  . Even in Kautilya’s Arthashastra Ear Tatoo marking of new born was a duty of persons incharge of cow care.    

It was sacred duty of the community to look after health and welfare of these bulls. Releasing a good male calf for breeding was considered an act of great charity. Today with loss of these traditions and knowledge, only stray bulls are left to wander around and provide the available service for natural breeding for nearly 80% of Indian cows. The result is that due to inbreeding and poor breeding bulls, average per lactation yield of an Indian cow has dropped to below 750 Kg of milk.  

3. Strategy for improving productivity of Indian breeds of cows.

3.1 Cross Breeding Option:

For the past many decades planners in India and Pakistan have been practicing cross breeding with high yielding HF cows to improve the milk yield of Cows, and AI as the standard method of breeding. Ai has been covered in details earlier in this note.

Coming to Cross breeding F2. F3 generations of cross bred cows are not reported to maintain the high expected milk yield.

I have personally checked with Pakistan farmers about the experience of cross breeding Sahiwal with HF there. Cross bed Sahiwals do not normally give more than 17 to 18 liters of milk per day. Similar is the experience in India.  In our Goshala in Delhi we have been able to milk yields of 16 to 18 liters from Indian Sahiwal and Gir cows.

Thus Cross breeding of our cows with HF is not as important as good feed, healthy environment, health care and good pedigree natural breeding practices. 

3.2 Targets for Milk yield of Indian breeds of Cows        

As per literature, few good milch breeds in India are considered for development . 1. Sahiwal, 2. Gir, 3. Red Sindhi and  4. Deoni.  Based on recent literature and  surveys, performance of dual purpose Indian cattle breeds viz. Tharparkar, Rathi, Kankrej is improving through selective breeding. These breeds are also popular among farmers.

1. Milk yield/lactation                   :           around 3000 kg

2. Lactation length                        :           305 days

3. Dry period                                 :           60 days

4. Service period                           :           60 to 90 days

5. Calving interval                         :           12 to 14 months

6. Fat %                                         :           4.5 to 5%

7. Adult body weight                   :           275 to 300 kg

8. Utility                                        :           Dual (milk and draft)

9. Resistance                                 :           Tick and tropical disease and mastitis

10. Casein type                             :           A-2 Beta casein polymorphism

11. Adaptability                            :           Tropical climate

12. Life span                                 :           20 years

13. Number of calving                  :           15-16

Indian Breeds in Brazil

By genetic improvement in Brazil hey have developed Indian Gir, Kankarej breeds to provide

    In India large number of identifiable phenotypes of Indian breeds of cows had evolved to suit the natural conditions, over the last thousands of years. Let us not consciously loose this nature’s precious gift to our country.